Breakthrough in Cologne: Immunotherapy could stop vision loss in diabetes!

Breakthrough in Cologne: Immunotherapy could stop vision loss in diabetes!

The eyes are our window to the world, and for those affected by diabetes, this window can quickly become cloudy. A new study led by the Chair of Experimental Immunology of the Eye at the University Hospital of Cologne and the Medical Faculty highlights innovative approaches to the treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR). This disease is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes and could potentially be approached in a very different way in the future than has previously been the case. The Cologne University Hospital reports on progress in research under the direction of Univ.-Prof. Dr. Thomas Langman.

Diabetic retinopathy occurs in 25% to 27% of people with type 1 diabetes and 9% to 16% of type 2 diabetics. This disease can lead to irreversible eye damage and is often accompanied by other eye diseases such as diabetic macular edema or even cataracts DiabetesDE. The current study examines a less conventional perspective: instead of just focusing on blood vessels, it also looks at immune cells, such as macrophages and microglial cells, which play a role in the development of the disease.

New ways in treatment

According to the study, published in the journal JCI Insight, it appears that inflammatory reactions in the retina are largely responsible for the development of DR. Dr. Urbanus Kinuthia and his team have developed medical models in mice that simulate the effects of pericyte depletion or a lack of PDGFB. These interventions caused persistent inflammation and reactivity of microglial cells. Interestingly, targeted pharmaceutical intervention was able to reverse the damage to the retina, representing a potential paradigm shift in the treatment of DR PMC.

Early immune modulation could therefore be a mainstay in the therapy of diabetics with vision loss. The goal remains to develop novel treatment strategies that not only alleviate the symptoms but also slow the progression of the disease. This could be particularly important for the estimated 3.5 million people in Germany who are affected by diabetes and whose risk of eye damage increases as a result of their illness.

Regular checks are essential

The study highlights the importance of regular ophthalmological check-ups to detect early signs of the disease. Many sufferers who do not experience any symptoms often forego necessary examinations. The risk of missing important warning signs such as blurred vision or dark spots in the field of vision is enormous warns DiabetesDE.

If advances in research are to reach those affected, a rethink is necessary. We must all raise awareness of the importance of preventive healthcare and controlling risk factors such as blood sugar, blood pressure and cholesterol levels. After all, a healthy eye is an essential part of quality of life!