Red alert for bees: Varroa mites and hornets threaten colonies!

Red alert for bees: Varroa mites and hornets threaten colonies!

The challenges for beekeepers and bee colonies continue to increase. Verena Rübsam, chairwoman of the Hünfeld beekeeping association and bee expert, makes it clear in her reports that the situation for honey bees is alarming. The year 2024 in particular was a real disaster for the bees in Hesse, as the weather was far too wet and cool. This led to high winter losses and the collapse of many bee colonies. It is not surprising that the Varroa mite, which has been introduced to Europe since the 1970s, is considered the greatest health risk for these animals. As Fuldaer Zeitung reports, the small parasites not only suck on the bees, they also transmit dangerous viruses, which can lead to a complete collapse of the brood nests.

The classic treatment methods, such as the use of formic acid or oxalic acid, are hardly effective in unfavorable weather conditions. “It is urgently necessary to develop new and gentler methods to combat the Varroa mite,” demands Rübsam. The aim must be to establish bee-resistant breeding lines that do not require regular chemical interventions. A project called “Varroa 2033” aims to create such breeding lines by 2033 and is scientifically supported at the teaching apiary in Hünfeld.

Other threats to bees

But the Varroa mite is not the only threat to bee colonies. The Asian hornet poses another serious threat. This species of hornet is known to be aggressive and specializes in hunting bees. Rübsam emphasizes that the Asian hornet is no longer considered an invasive species in Hesse, which means that the obligation to remove the nest no longer applies. Beekeepers are now more than ever required to protect their colonies from these predators. Strategies such as reducing the size of entrance holes and active monitoring are required here. The Happy to bee website also recommends using special entrance plates and avoiding general traps in order not to unnecessarily endanger domestic hornets.

But there are other dangers that should not be ignored. American foulbrood and small hive beetles are also serious threats. Control of these pests requires urgent reporting to veterinary authorities, followed by strict remediation measures. The Landwirtschaft.de portal emphasizes that the Varroa mite causes high losses in bee colonies worldwide and it is therefore essential to carry out regular checks in order to detect any infestations at an early stage.

Enlightenment and future of the beehive

The importance of bees to biodiversity and agriculture cannot be overemphasized. Rübsam focuses on education and offers guided tours and school lectures to sensitize farmers and the population to the topic. A special project in Maberzell enables elementary school students to breed their own bee colony, which not only imparts knowledge but also awakens enthusiasm for beekeeping.

The challenges facing beekeepers are enormous, but with commitment, education and research into new control methods, bee health can be promoted. Beekeeping practices must change to also address the challenges posed by climate change.